أبحاث مميزة

[الدكتورة دعاء]

a Google is a very big and popular search engine on the World Wide Web (WWW). They also do things apart from searching. Other search engines (for example, AOL) use its software and database too. That makes it the most-used search engine on the web. Every day, 200 million people use it. Google's main office ("Google plex") is in Mountain View, California, USA.
History:
Google began as a research project in January 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students at Stanford University, California .They hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better results than existing techniques, which ranked results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page .Their search engine was originally nicknamed, "BackRub" because the system checked back links to estimate a site's importance .A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy. Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. Originally the search engine used the Stanford University website with the domain google.stanford.edu .The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated as Google Inc. on September 7, 1998 at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California. The total initial investment raised for the new company eventually amounted to almost $1.1 million, including a $100,000 check by Andy Bechtolsheim , one of the founders of Sun Microsystems.
In March 1998, the company moved into offices in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 2003. The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex, a 1 followed by a googol zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.
The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design and usability. In 2000, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and click throughs, with bidding starting at $.05 per click. This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services, before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing). While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue.
The name "Google"
The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol," which refers to 10100 (the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros). Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb, "google", was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning, "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."
A patent describing part of Google's ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on September 4, 2001.The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.
Google services
• Froogle (Now renamed as Google Product Search) allows the user to find out about products for sale on the Internet. Its name is a combination of "Google" and "frugal", which means smart with money.
• Google Calendar is an online calendar to organise upcoming events.
• Google Checkout is an online payment method, where users can send money using their credit cards or bank accounts to other users.
• Google Earth is the 3D version of Google Maps with a digital globe.
• Google Groups is a discussion portal where users discuss topics.
• Google Images is an image search utility.
• Google Local is a search engine to find local businesses and services.
• Google Language Tools is an online translation service, which can translate websites and text into other languages.
• Gmail is an e-mail service that Google started in 2004. It is called Google Mail in the United Kingdom and Germany. Users get close to 3 gigabytes of free space to store e-mails.
• Google Local and Google Maps is an online map program with satellite pictures and road maps.
• Google News is a facility which shows news stories from over 4,500 news sources.
• Google Talk is an instant messenger.
• Google Video is an online collection of videos which have been uploaded by users from around the world.
Growth
While the company's primary market is in the web content arena, Google has begun to experiment with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On January 17, 2006, Google announced that it had purchased the radio advertising company Marc, which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio. This will allow Google to combine two niche advertising media—the Internet and radio—with Google's ability to laser-focus on the tastes of consumers. Google has also begun an experiment in selling advertisements from its advertisers in offline newspapers and magazines, with select advertisements in the Chicago Sun-Times. They have been filling unsold space in the newspaper that would have normally been used for in-house advertisements.
Google was added to the S&P 500 index on March 30, 2006. Google replaced Burlington Resources, a major oil producer based in Houston which was acquired by Conoco Phillips.
Criticism
As it has grown, Google has found itself the focus of several controversies related to its business practices and services. For example, Google Book Search's effort to digitize millions of books and make the full text searchable has led to copyright disputes with the Authors Guild. Another trademark concern is about Google's Gmail in the UK and several other countries. Now, in those parts of the world, it is known as Google Mail. Google's cooperation with the governments of China, and to a lesser extent France and Germany (regarding Holocaust denial) to filter search results in accordance to regional laws and regulations has led to claims of censorship. Google's persistent cookie and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user privacy. A number of Indian state governments have raised concerns about the security risks posed by geographic details provided by Google Earth's satellite imaging. Google has also been criticized by advertisers regarding its inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script is used to generate a charge on an advertisement without really having an interest in the product. Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid. In September 2007, the Australian Consumer and Competition Commission (ACCC) has brought a two-pronged case against Trading Post and Google - including subsidiaries Google Australia and Google Ireland - for potentially misleading consumers by selling its rankings to commercial companies rather than sorting them by relevance.


Reference
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki


























University of Palestine
Applied Engineering and
Urban Planning
General.



IGGU1101- 08






Prepared By

Supervised By
Dr. 1st quadmester

25. Nov. 2007

p.o.Box:1219,Al Zahara City, Gaza,Palestine
Tel: +972 82837733 Fax: +972 8 2837766 Email.inf@up.edu.ps







بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم



" وقل رب زدني علما "

سورة طه:114


صدق الله العظيم



















Dedication

To my family……. .
To my Instructors …………




To my supervisor::
Dr.


















Acknowledgment

Thanks to who helped me along my project






























Abstract


Electronic commerce is a new concept explaining the sale or purchase or exchange of products, services and information through computer networks, including the Internet. There are several points of view to the definition of the word:
The world of communications-known e-commerce as a means for the delivery of information, services or products via telephone lines or via computer networks or through any technical means.
- From the point of view of business is the application of the technical process for making business transactions are automatically and rapidly.
- While electronic commerce services known as a tool in order to meet the wishes of companies, consumers and managers in reducing the cost of service and graduation Kvadtha and work to accelerate the delivery of service.
- Finally, the world of the Internet knows that open trade area for the sale and purchase of products and services and information via the Internet

















Table of Contents

Subject page No.
1. Introduction 1
2. What is E-Commerce? 1
3. E-commerce can be divided into 2
4.The Elements of Commerce 2
5. Why the Hype? 4
6.What is B2B E-Commerce 5
6.1 2 main issues to deal with when conducting a
B2B E-commerce
7.What is B2C E-Commerce 6
7.1.Who should use B2C E-Commerce
8. The Lure of E-commerce 7
8.1 list summarizes what might be called
the "lure of e-commerce
9. Easy and Hard Aspects of E-commerce 8
9. 1 The things that are hard about e-commerce include:
9.2 The things that are easy about e-commerce, especially
for small businesses and individuals, include
10. Building an E-commerce Site 8
10.1The things you need to keep in mind when
thinking about building an e-commerce site include
10.2When you think about e-commerce, you may
Also want to consider these other desirable capabilities
11. Implementing an E-commerce Site 9
11. 1 these are in order of decreasing flexibility and
increasing simplicity.
11.1.1Enterprise computing
11.1.2 Virtual hosting services
11.2.3 Simplified e-commerce
12. Results 10
13. Discussion 10
14. Conclusion 10
15. Recommendations 10
References 10




1. Introduction
Unless you have been living under a rock for the last few years, you have probably heard about e-commerce. And you have heard about it from several different angles. You may have:
• heard about all of the companies that offer e-commerce because you have been bombarded by their TV and radio ads
• read all of the news stories about the shift to e-commerce and the hype that has developed around e-commerce companies
• seen the huge valuations that Web companies get in the stock market, even when they don't make a profit
• purchased something on the Web, so you have direct personal experience with e-commerce
Still, you may feel like you don't understand e-commerce at all. What is all the hype about? Why the huge valuations? And most importantly, is there a way for you to participate? If you have an e-commerce idea, how might you get started implementing it? If you have had questions like these, then this paper will help out by exposing you to the entire e-commerce space

2.What is E-Commerce?
In an increasingly competitive global marketplace, it is extremely important for businesses to embrace the latest methods and trends to conduct their businesses. With the advancement of technology, particularly the Internet, the world has discovered a new path of opportunities, switching the transactions of traditional business models into a better model far superior in terms of efficiency, productivity, profitability and competitiveness. This is where e-Commerce comes into the picture in which is simply a short form for "Electronic Commerce". E-Commerce is generally the "in-thing" today, which concept covers the global information economy which includes electronic trading of goods and services, electronic fund transfer, online procurement, direct marketing, electronic billing, etc, through the internet via the computer. E-Commerce does not change the core of businesses, which is to generate profitability from transactions, but it is to change the mindset of how to go about generating profits through an efficient manner. This simply means obtaining information at our fingertips, without wasting time, money and effort, and also to conduct real time transactions in a "borderless world" 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. With e-Commerce transactions, it is a Win-Win situation for the parties (both buyers and sellers) participating in it. It offers distinguished benefits such as less overhead expenses, larger advertising market exposure, and reduces middle man participation and all these benefits are easily understood and quantifiable.
E-Commerce itself is categorized into several sections. Among the sections are Business-To-Business (B2B), Business-To-Consumer (B2C), and Business-To-Government (B2G).

3.E-commerce can be divided into:
• E-tailing or "virtual storefronts" on Web sites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a "virtual mall"
• The gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-to-business exchange of data
• e-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established customers (for example, with newsletters)
• Business-to-business buying and selling
• The security of business transactions

4.The Elements of Commerce:
When you get down to the actual elements of commerce and commercial transactions, things get slightly more complicated because you have to deal with the details. However, these details boil down to a finite number of steps. The following list highlights all of the elements of a typical commerce activity. In this case, the activity is the sale of some product by a retailer to a customer:
• If you would like to sell something to a customer, at the very core of the matter is the something itself. You must have a product or service to offer. The product can be anything from ball bearings to back rubs. You may get your products directly from a producer, or you might go through a distributor to get them, or you may produce the products yourself.
• You must also have a place from which to sell your products. Place can sometimes be very ephemeral -- for example a phone number might be the place. If you are a customer in need of a massage, if you call "Judy's Massages, Inc." on the telephone to order a massage, and if Judy shows up at your office to give you a massage, then the phone number is the place where you purchased this service. For most physical products we tend to think of the place as a store or shop of some sort. But if you think about it a bit more you realize that the place for any traditional mail order company is the combination of an ad or a catalog and a phone number or a mail box.
• You need to figure out a way to get people to come to your place. This process is known as marketing. If no one knows that your place exists, you will never sell anything. Locating your place in a busy shopping center is one way to get traffic. Sending out a mail order catalog is another. There is also advertising, word of mouth and even the guy in a chicken suit who stands by the road waving at passing cars.
• You need a way to accept orders. At Wal-Mart this is handled by the check out line. In a mail order company the orders come in by mail or phone and are processed by employees of the company.
• You also need a way to accept money. If you are at Wal-Mart you know that you can use cash, check or credit cards to pay for products. Business-to-business transactions often use purchase orders. Many businesses do not require you to pay for the product or service at the time of delivery, and some products and services are delivered continuously (water, power, phone and pagers are like this). That gets into the whole area of billing and collections.
• You need a way to deliver the product or service, often known as fulfillment. At a store like Wal-mart fulfillment is automatic. The customer picks up the item of desire, pays for it and walks out the door. In mail-order businesses the item is packaged and mailed. Large items must be loaded onto trucks or trains and shipped.
• Sometimes customers do not like what they buy, so you need a way to accept returns. You may or may not charge certain fees for returns, and you may or may not require the customer to get authorization before returning anything.
• Sometimes a product breaks, so you need a way to honor warranty claims. For retailers this part of the transaction is often handled by the producer.
• Many products today are so complicated that they require customer service and technical support departments to help customers use them. Computers are a good example of this sort of product. On-going products like cell phone service may also require on-going customer service because customers want to change the service they receive over time. Traditional items (for example, a head of lettuce), generally require less support that modern electronic items.
You find all of these elements in any traditional mail order company. Whether the company is selling books, consumer products, information in the form of reports and papers, or services, all of these elements come into play.
In an e-commerce sales channel you find all of these elements as well, but they change slightly. You must have the following elements to conduct e-commerce:
• A product
• A place to sell the product - in e-commerce, a Web site displays the products in some way and acts as the place
• A way to get people to come to your Web site
• A way to accept orders - normally an on-line form of some sort
• A way to accept money - normally a merchant account handling credit card payments. This piece requires a secure ordering page and a connection to a bank. Or you may use more traditional billing techniques either online or through the mail.
• A fulfillment facility to ship products to customers (often outsource-able). In the case of software and information, however, fulfillment can occur over the Web through a file download mechanism.
• A way to accept returns
• A way to handle warranty claims if necessary
• A way to provide customer service (often through email, on-line forms, on-line knowledge bases and FAQs, et cetera)
In addition, there is often a strong desire to integrate other business functions or practices into the e-commerce offering. An extremely simple example -- you might want to be able to show the customer the exact status of an order

5. Why the Hype?
There is a huge amount of hype that surrounds e-commerce. Given the similarities with mail order commerce, you may be wondering why the hype is so common. Take, for example, the following quotes:
• "...the estimate of U.S. retail e-commerce sales for the third quarter of 2005, adjusted for seasonal variation and holiday and trading-day differences, but not for price changes, was $22.3 billion, an increase of 5.7 percent (±1.7%) from the second quarter of 2005."-- U.S. Census Bureau
• "2004 online retail sales rose 23.8 percent to $89 billion, representing 4.6 percent of total retail sales. Including travel, online sales also rose 23.8 percent to $141.4 billion. Online retail sales will reach $109.6 billion [in 2005]. Online sales including travel will rise to $172.4 billion this year." -- Forrester
• "Online ad growth of 33.7 percent is expected in 2005 to $12.7 billion, raising a previous estimate of $11.5 billion for the year. eMarketer had estimated 2004 ad revenue at $9.5 billion." --eMarketer
This sort of hype applies to a wide range of products. According to eMarketer the biggest product categories include:

6.What is B2B E-Commerce?
Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce, also known as E-Business, is experiencing an explosive growth rate on the Internet. Companies of all sizes and types are now mutually buying and selling products and services on the Internet.
The original first stage of commerce on the Internet was that of E-Commerce, which business to consumer activities is. Business to business goes well beyond that popular form of consumer purchasing. It is intended to bring "Just In Time" concept to a greater height which allow businesses to coordinate with its business associate for real time transaction and improving efficiency and productivity for both organizations. Because Time is money; people are money, good management of both means more money for the business and less expenditure on others.
B2B also offers unique benefits such as less human intervention, less overhead expenses, fewer inadvertent errors, more efficiency, more advertising exposure, new markets and new physical territories equate to an intelligent method of mutual business. It is a win-win situation for both buyer and seller.
These are just a few of the benefits that B2B E-commerce can offer. It is already well accepted in the business community, that the potential return of doing business on the Internet is far greater than the investment. The bottom line is greater profits for the business.

6.1 Currently there are 2 main issues to deal with when conducting a B2B E-commerce

• Supply Chain Management - to co-ordinate the fields of competition turned to efficiency in manufacturing. In the 80's, concepts like Lean Manufacturing, Design for Manufacturability, Just-in-Time, and Stockless Production emerged. If properly managed, the operating costs of such systems can be substantially reduced. Reduction in costs can be in the form of reduced inventory cost, obsolescence, transportation and other logistics costs, overhead and direct labor costs. All have pointed out potential savings in costs that could amount to billions when companies can engage in supply chain integration efforts.
• Electronic Procurement System - using Internet technologies to handle product distribution to the buyer and from supplier while at the same time removing the complexity of multi-level paper and processing which are labour intensive. This allows the business to run more efficiently and allows purchasing professionals to have more time to focus on complex acquisitions and supplier negotiation. Besides reducing cost and hassle, it must be designed expressly for casual use by untrained employees and it must also provide extensive management controls, reporting, and integration with existing systems.

7.What is B2C E-Commerce?
B2C (Business-to-Consumer) is basically a concept of online marketing and distributing of products and services over the Internet. It is a natural progression for many retailers or marketer who sells directly to the consumer. The general idea is, if you could reach more customers, service them better, and make more sales while spending less to do it, which would the formula of success for implementing a B2C e-commerce infrastructure.
For the consumer, it is relatively easy to appreciate the importance of e-commerce. Why waste time fighting the very real crowds in supermarkets, when, from the comfort of home, one can shop on-line at any time in virtual Internet shopping malls, and have the goods delivered home directly.

7.1Who should use B2C E-Commerce?
• Manufacturers - to sell and to retail the business buyers
• Distributors - to take orders from the merchants they supply
• Publisher - to sell subscriptions and books
• Direct Sales Firms - as another channel to reach the buyers
• Entertainment Firms - to promote new products and sell copies
• Information Provider - to take payment for downloaded materials
• Specialty Retailers - Niche marketers of products ranging from candles, coffees, specialty foods, books use it to broaden their customer reach.
• Insurance Firms - On-line rate quotes and premium payments have made it easier for this industry to attract and retain customers. In fact, virtually any business that can deliver its products or provide its services outside its doors is a potential user.


8. The Lure of E-commerce:
8.1 The following list summarizes what might be called the "lure of e-commerce":
• Lower transaction costs - if an e-commerce site is implemented well, the web can significantly lower both order-taking costs up front and customer service costs after the sale by automating processes.
• Larger purchases per transaction - Amazon offers a feature that no normal store offers. When you read the description of a book, you also can see "what other people who ordered this book also purchased." That is, you can see the related books that people are actually buying. Because of features like these it is common for people to buy more books that they might buy at a normal bookstore.
• Integration into the business cycle - A Web site that is well-integrated into the business cycle can offer customers more information than previously available. For example, if Dell tracks each computer through the manufacturing and shipping process, customers can see exactly where their order is at any time. This is what FedEx did when they introduced on-line package tracking - FedEx made far more information available to the customer.
• People can shop in different ways. Traditional mail order companies introduced the concept of shopping from home in your pajamas, and e-commerce offers this same luxury. New features that web sites offer include:
 The ability to build an order over several days
 The ability to configure products and see actual prices
 The ability to easily build complicated custom orders
 The ability to compare prices between multiple vendors easily
 The ability to search large catalogs easily.
• Larger catalogs - A company can build a catalog on the web that would never fit in an ordinary mailbox. For example, Amazon sells millions of books. Imagine trying to fit all of the information available in Amazon's database into a paper catalog!
• Improved customer interactions - With automated tools it is possible to interact with a customer in richer ways at virtually no cost. For example, the customer might get an email when the order is confirmed, when the order is shipped and after the order arrives. A happy customer is more likely to purchase something else from the company.


9. Easy and Hard Aspects of E-commerce
9. 1 The things that are hard about e-commerce include:
• Getting traffic to come to your Web site
• Getting traffic to return to your Web site a second time
• Differentiating yourself from the competition
• Getting people to buy something from your Web site. Having people look at your site is one thing. Getting them to actually type in their credit card numbers is another.
• Integrating an e-commerce Web site with existing business data (if applicable)
There are so many Web sites, and it is so easy to create a new e-commerce web site, that getting people to look at yours is the biggest problem.

9.2 The things that are easy about e-commerce, especially for small businesses and individuals, include:
• Creating the web site
• Taking the orders
• Accepting payment
There are enumerable companies that will help you build and put up your electronic store. We'll discuss some options in the next section.

10. Building an E-commerce Site
10.1The things you need to keep in mind when thinking about building an e-commerce site include:
• Suppliers - this is no different from the concern that any normal store or Mail Order Company has. Without good suppliers you cannot offer products.
• Your price point - a big part of e-commerce is the fact that price comparisons are extremely easy for the consumer. Your price point is important in a transparent market.
• Customer relations - E-commerce offers a variety of different ways to relate to your customer. E-mail, FAQs, knowledge bases, forums, chat rooms... Integrating these features into your e-commerce offering helps you differentiate yourself from the competition.
• The back end: fulfillment, returns, customer service - These processes make or break any retail establishment. They define, in a big way, your relationship with your customer.
10.2When you think about e-commerce, you may also want to consider these other desirable capabilities:

• Gift-sending
• Affiliate programs
• Special discounts
• Repeat buyer programs
• Seasonal or periodic sales
The reason why you want to keep these things in mind is because they are all difficult unless your e-commerce software supports them. If the software does support them, they are trivial.

11. Implementing an E-commerce Site
Let's say that you would like to create an e-commerce site. There are three general ways to implement the site with all sorts of variations in between. The three general ways are:
• Enterprise computing
• Virtual hosting services
• Simplified e-commerce

11 . 1 These are in order of decreasing flexibility and increasing simplicity.

11.1.1Enterprise computing means that you purchase hardware and software and hire a staff of developers to create your e-commerce web site. Amazon, Dell and all of the other big players participate in e-commerce at the enterprise level. You might need to consider enterprise computing solutions if:
• You have immensely high traffic - millions of visitors per month
• You have a large database that holds your catalog of products (especially if the catalog is changing constantly)
• You have a complicated sales cycle that requires lots of customized forms, pricing tables, et cetera
• You have other business processes already in place and you want your e-commerce offering to integrate into them.
11.1.2 Virtual hosting services give you some of the flexibility of enterprise computing, but what you get depends on the vendor. In general the vendor maintains the equipment and software and sells them in standardized packages. Part of the package includes security, and almost always a merchant account is also an option. Database access is sometimes a part of the package. You provide the web designers and developers to create and maintain your site.
11.2.3 Simplified e-commerce is what most small businesses and individuals are using to get into e-commerce. In this option the vendor provides a simplified system for creating your store. The system usually involves a set of forms that you fill out online. The vendor's software then generates all of the web pages for the store for you. Two good examples of this sort of offering include Yahoo Stores and Verio Stores. You pay by the month for these services.

12. Results
Electronic commerce us the opportunity to exploit this pattern of action to achieve the markets may not allow traditional trade and the establishment of projects reached small capitalization may fit the investment opportunities in the Arab environment.

13. Discussion
Enabling e-commerce companies to understand the needs of their clients and shopping options available to them in scale, and this in itself achieve high satisfaction rate among customers are offered traditional means, Vision can learn items and the prices and features of each type and evaluate product differentiation and the theme in terms of the purchase met the desire of the options buyer.

14. Conclusion
E-commerce is one of the most important markets, which deals with the world as it is easier to deal enables any buyer to purchase any goods from anywhere the world and recommend any businessman to succeed, trade must deal with electronic commerce

15. Recommendations
1. The businessmen dealing with electronic commerce
2. Any researcher must deal with the search engine mamma
3. Students must read the information on electronic commerce

References:
Web site
(No. 1) author surname , auther name ,
"http://communication.howstuffworks.com/ecommerce.htm
", visiting date 19/11/2007

1. Introduction
2. What is E-Commerce?
3. The elements of E-Commerce
4. Easy and Hard Aspects of E-commerce.
5. Results.
6. Discussion.
7. Conclusion.
8. Recommendations.
What is Corel WordPerfect Lightning?
Corel WordPerfect Lightning is a new kind of free word processing and note-taking software from Corel that fills a gap between today's existing desktop and Web-based productivity tools.
Corel WordPerfect Lightning provides a simple set of tools that make it fast and easy to perform your most common productivity tasks. WordPerfect Lightning makes it easier than ever before to capture, use and reuse the ideas, information and images that are important to you.
Use it to capture your notes, read documents, easily collect information and images, and create, edit and collaborate on a wide variety of document types. You can even use WordPerfect Lightning as a fast and simple organizer for all your ideas and documents. It's like a word processor, notebook, whiteboard and filing cabinet wrapped into one.
What browsers do you support?
This part is really simple—you don't need a browser to use WordPerfect Lightning. It's a new, light, standalone application that works with or without an Internet connection. If you want to collaborate online, you do need a browser—Firefox 1.5 or later is recommended—but WordPerfect Lightning Online is compatible with Firefox, Internet Explorer 7 or Safari 2.0.4 or later. As long as you are running a modern JavaScript-enabled Web browser, you can use the online resources that we are providing through our partners.
What are the advantages of Corel WordPerfect Lightning?
WordPerfect Lightning makes it faster and easier to perform your most common word processing tasks. It's a tool so simple, that basically anyone can use it, even if you don't know much about software.
WordPerfect Lightning is simple, free and doesn't need a Web connection. It's even small enough for you to put on a USB stick and install on whatever PC you happen to be working with.
In terms of how you'll use WordPerfect Lightning, you're already doing much of what WordPerfect Lightning does—we're just making it easier, faster and simpler than before.
Whether you're viewing Microsoft Word, WordPerfect or PDF files, taking notes, cutting and pasting content from one place to another, writing simple documents or organizing your information into an outline or project, WordPerfect Lightning makes your most common tasks easier.
When you need to do more, WordPerfect Lighting also connects into a free online collaboration environment as well as a free trial of one of the world's most powerful office suites in Corel WordPerfect Office X3.

New Corel® Painter™ X—the world's most powerful Natural-Media® painting and illustration software—features unique digital brushes, art materials and textures that mirror the look and feel of their traditional counterparts.
Setting the standard for digital painting and illustration, the Corel Painter X digital art studio introduces new composition tools, unparalleled performance, and the all-new RealBristle™ painting system that models traditional brushes like never before—right down the individual bristles on the brush!
Designed for Artists, Designers, and Photographers and the next generation of Creative Professionals!
It runs on Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 2000, and on PowerPC and Intel-based Macs running OS X 10.3.9 or higher.
Top 10 Reasons to Buy Corel Painter X
• Speed: Corel Painter X has been significantly optimized to provide artists the fastest version of Painter--ever!
• Workspace Manager: Customize, backup your workspace and share brushes and content with ease
• Secure Saving: Auto-backups provide added peace of mind when saving files
• Next-generation Natural Media: Representing a major milestone for digital painting, RealBristle brushes emulate their traditional counter parts right down to the individual bristles on the brushes. While artists have always marveled at how closely Corel Painter resembles traditional art media, Corel Painter X takes realism to a whole new level
• Composition Tools: Compose your images like a Master using the Divine Proportion or the rule of thirds
• Enhanced Photo-Painting: Now it's even easier than ever for photographers to create stunning paintings from photos! New settings offer more control over your under painting and new Smart Stroke provides greater intelligence during auto-painting.
• Enhanced Adobe Photoshop Support: With easier layer grouping and combining, and improved support for layer merge modes, artists can more effectively work between Corel Painter X and Adobe Photoshop
• Intel-based Mac Support: Now you can get the best performance from Corel Painter X and your new Intel-based Mac. Corel Painter X is a Universal Binary application, which allows it to run natively on Intel-based Macintosh computers.
• Windows Vista: Now Corel Painter X is compatible with Microsoft's latest operating system--Windows Vista
• Jeremy Sutton Training Videos: Includes access to free training videos by renowned Painter Master Jeremy Sutton.

Adobe Photoshop Lightroom
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom is a photography software program developed by Adobe Systems for Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows, designed to assist professional photographers in managing thousands of digital images and doing post production work. It is not a file browser like Adobe Bridge, but rather an image management application database which helps in viewing, editing and managing digital photos (including those on backup DVDs).
History - Early stages
In 2002, veteran Photoshop developer Mark Hamburg began a new project, code-named “Shadowland”. The new project was a deliberate departure from many of
Adobe’s established conventions. 40 % of Photoshop Lightroom’s is written using the Lua scripting language.
Photoshop Lightroom’s engineering talent is based largely in Minnesota, comprised of the team which had already created Adobe’s ImageReady application. Troy Gaul, Melissa Gaul, and the rest of their crew (reportedly known as the “Minnesota Phats”), along with Hamburg, developed the architecture behind the application. George Jardine, a skilled photographer and previous Adobe evangelist, rounded out the early team, filling the Product Manager role.
Beta development
On January 9, 2006, an early version of Photoshop Lightroom, previously just called Lightroom, was released to the public as a Macintosh-only public Beta, on the Adobe Labs website. This was the first Adobe product released to the general public for feedback during its development. This method was then later used in the development of Adobe Photoshop CS3. Further Beta releases followed. Notable releases included Beta 3 on July 18, 2006, which added support for Microsoft Windows systems. Also, on September 25, 2006, Beta 4 was released, which saw it merged into the Photoshop product range, was released quickly, followed by a minor update on October 19, released as 4.1.
Official release
On January 29, 2007, Adobe announced that Lightroom would be shipping on February 19, 2007. US list pricing was set at $299. The UK retail price was £199.
A 30-day trial of Lightroom 1.0 is currently available, released on February 18 , 2007.
Lightroom 1.1 update was released on June 26, 2007, with another update 1.2, released on 15 September 2007 and update 1.3 released on November 15, 2007.
Features
Unlike traditional image editing software, Photoshop Lightroom is focused on the following workflow steps:
• Library - image collection review and organization
• Develop - non-destructive RAW and JPEG file editing
• Slideshow - tools and export features
• Print - layout options and preferences
• Web - automatic gallery creation and upload
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop_Lightroom
http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satelli.../1171405162003
http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satelli.../1166553885783